一名词：名词单复数，名词的格
(一)名词单复数
· 一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
· 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
· 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
· 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
· 不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
· 不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
· 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
· 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二冠词：不定冠词，定冠词
1.种类：
(1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词：the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法：
· 特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
· 复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
· 谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
· 在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
· 用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
· 专有名词前：China is a big country.
· 名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
· 复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
· 在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
· 一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
· 球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
· 学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
· 在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
· 固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
